The mirage of plant fiber packaging: an underestimated danger

Food packaging made from plant fibers is not exempt from health and environmental risks.

Behind their apparent natural composition, this packaging reveals regulatory gaps, limited recyclability and often misleading compostability. A virtuous alternative to single use still seems to be defined.

An ecological alternative… not so safe

Plant fiber packaging, such as kraft paper or bagasse, is seen as a sustainable solution to plastic packaging. However, tests carried out by the CLCV show a worrying presence of toxic substances. For example, a bagasse tray revealed a total organic fluoride content of 1570 mg/kg, a sign of intentional use of PFAS, “eternal pollutants”. These compounds, used for their waterproofing properties, accumulate in the environment and are linked to major health problems, such as cancer and hormonal disruptions.

In addition, from bisphenol A (BPA), banned in France in food packaging, was detected in a pizza box. Although its concentration is low, its mere presence illustrates the control gaps and risks associated with recycling contaminated materials.

Read also – Bioplastic, plant plastic not so fantastic

Recycling and composting: contested promises

The recyclability of plant fiber packaging is often overvalued, CLCV also notes. The plastic coverings required to ensure their waterproofness complicate their treatment. As noted by the Paper-Cardboard Packaging Recyclability Assessment Committee, materials such as bagasse pose technical challenges due to the use of hydrophobic binders.

Watch the interview in pictures @FranceTV on our survey relating to plant fiber packaging pic.twitter.com/s8rhlr4Nmq

— CLCV (@clcvorg) January 7, 2025

As for compostability, it is frequently put forward without a solid regulatory basis. The often-mentioned EN 13432 standard only applies to industrial composting, a sector that is almost non-existent in France. Worse still, the toxic substances present in these packaging can contaminate the compostmaking their return to the land undesirable.

Towards sustainable solutions?

The CLCV recommends a return to reusable products and better transparency on the part of manufacturers. Eco-design and harmonized standards are essential to guarantee truly sustainable packaging. In the meantime, favoring alternatives such as glass or stainless steel seems to be the most responsible choice to protect both health and the environment.

Read also
Bisphenol A now banned in food packaging in Europe

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