Basic fertilizing of fruit trees is one of the key agrotechnical measures that are carried out during the resting phase of the vegetation, usually during autumn. This measure has a positive effect on soil fertility and structure, enables optimal growth of vegetative mass and contributes to the resistance of fruit trees to low temperatures, diseases and pests, thereby increasing the quality and yield of fruits. Ljiljana Gvozdić, B.Sc. Eng. of Agriculture from PSSS Belgrade, points out that it is best to carry out fertilization according to the recommendations obtained after soil analysis.
It is recommended to take soil samples from the layers of 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm, whereby the average sample should be about 1 kg. The results of the analysis, together with the analysis of the leaf mass during the year, help to accurately determine the type and amount of nutrients to be added. If the analysis is omitted, the addition of nutrients can be carried out according to the average norms, but it is somewhat less precise and can affect the efficiency of fertilization.
Fertilize now!
Autumn fertilization is crucial, because during the growing season a significant part of nutrients is consumed for the development of fruits, leaves and wood mass, which reduces their concentration in the soil. Applying nutrients during the fall ensures that the plants have enough nutrients at the beginning of the next growing season. Fertilization is carried out using mineral and organic fertilizers. Mineral fertilizers usually contain phosphorus and potassium to a greater extent, while nitrogen is added in minimal amounts or none at all. The dosage of mineral fertilizers ranges from 400 to 800 kg per hectare, and depends on the age of the plantations and the method of fertilization – whether it is distributed over the entire surface or only around the trees.
When it comes to organic fertilizers, manure is most often used, but it is important that it be burnt or semi-burnt. The best effect is given by cow manure, but manures from other animals can also be used if they are properly prepared. Compost can also be used as an organic fertilizer. Manure application has a double function. Namely, in addition to enriching the soil with nutrients, it promotes the development of soil microorganisms that help fruit trees to more easily absorb nutrients from the soil. In this way, the structure of the soil is improved and the resistance of fruit trees to cold winter temperatures increases. The effectiveness of organic fertilizer is higher in autumn, although it can be added later during the winter dormant period.
After the nutrients are dispersed, they are introduced into the soil. This process is done at a depth that depends on the root system and the age of the seedlings. If the entire area is not cultivated, it is advisable to dig only around the trees. This processing contributes to a better uptake of nutrients and enables fruit trees to grow and develop more easily in the next vegetation cycle.
Source: Good morning
Source: boljazemlja.com
