In Serbian agriculture, one of the challenges is the plow sole, a layer of compacted soil that forms below the surface due to improper land cultivation. Frequent cultivation at the same depth and the use of heavy machinery lead to the creation of an impermeable layer, which hinders the penetration of water and the growth of plant roots, causing a lower yield and crop quality. This layer prevents the retention of moisture, which leads to problems for plants during dry periods, while deformed and short roots make it difficult to absorb nutrients and make plants more sensitive to diseases and changes in climatic conditions.
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In order to solve the problem of the plow sole, it is recommended to change the tillage techniques and adjust the way and time of work. Farmers should avoid plowing at the same depth and heavy machinery, as well as cultivating wet land, all of which contribute to greater soil compaction. At the same time, it is necessary to introduce the use of organic fertilizers, especially manure, which improves soil structure, microbiological activity and moisture accumulation. Proper autumn plowing, when the soil is drier, helps retain moisture during winter rainfall, making it more suitable for the following crops.
Details about land cultivation when it comes to the plow sole
When the plow sole is already formed, the undermining process is recommended as an effective remedial measure. Cultivators, machines that cut and loosen the soil without overturning it, enable better aeration, improve the structure and flow of water and air in the soil. This softens the impermeable layer, enables the development of deeper roots, and at the same time reduces the risk of erosion. Undermining should be carried out in dry summer or autumn months when the moisture content is low, in order to achieve optimal dispersion. Properly done undermining, which is usually done at a depth of 40 to 80 cm, significantly improves yields, and it is recommended that it be carried out every four years.
Despite the importance of undermining, this process does not need to be repeated every year. Regular undermining, with multi-year breaks, contributes to preserving the quality and quantity of crops and soil fertility. On the contrary, if the land is cultivated for years without changing the depth or using other methods, it will degrade. Then the soil particles lose air and water, there is firm compaction and breaking of capillary connections, which further hinders the flow of water and air and limits the choice of plants that can thrive on such soil. Undermining and proper processing can significantly improve the situation and enable better results in agricultural production.
Source: Good morning
Source: boljazemlja.com
