US scientists Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson and James Robinson have won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2024. The award was given to them for their research into how institutions are formed and how they affect well-being.
Daron Acemoglu was born into an Armenian family in Istanbul, graduated from the Galatasaray Lyceum, received a bachelor’s degree from the University of York, a master’s degree and a doctorate from the London School of Economics. Simon Johnson was born in the British city of Sheffield, graduated from Oxford, received a master’s degree from the University of Manchester, and a doctorate from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). James Robinson is a Briton who received a bachelor’s degree from the London School of Economics and Political Science, a master’s degree from the University of Warwick, and a doctorate from Yale University. Acemoglu and Johnson are currently at MIT, and Robinson at the University of Chicago.
Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson, among other things, co-authored the famous book Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity and Poverty.
The Nobel Prize in Economics in 2023 was awarded to American Claudia Goldin for her research on the situation of women in the labor market. Goldin compiled more than 200 years of data, providing a comprehensive account of women’s earnings and labor market participation over that time, analyzing how and why gender differences in income and employment rates have changed. Her research explains the reasons for the persistent gender gap in the labor market. Goldin also showed that access to birth control pills played an important role in the labor market, giving women more career opportunities.
Nobel laureates in other disciplines
In 2024, American scientists Victor Ambros and Gary Ravkan won the Nobel Prize in Medicine for their “discovery of microRNAs and their role in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression.” The Physics Prize for “fundamental discoveries and inventions underlying machine learning using artificial neural networks” was awarded to John Hopfield from the USA and Geoffrey Hinton from Canada.
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to David Baker from the USA and the Britons Demis Hassabis and John Jumper for their study of protein structures. The winner of the literature prize was South Korean writer Han Gang, and the peace prize was awarded to the Japanese Council of the Organizations of Victims of the Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Nihon Hidankyo.
Source: www.dv.ee
