During the censuses, in addition to the population, apartments are also counted, so it was revealed that there were 4.6 million apartments in Hungary in 2022, and that their number increased by 190,000 (4.3 percent) in the last decade. Housing usage habits have also changed: more and more apartments are used seasonally or secondarily, and at the same time, the use of private apartments for tourism is also widespread, writes the Population Census Atlas. in his publication the Central Statistical Office (KSH).
The housing fetish is conquering, but many properties are overcrowded
By 2022, the proportion of occupied apartments nationally decreased from 89 percent measured in 2011 to 88 percent, but a spectacular decline only occurred in the inner districts of Budapest. In those areas where the population was previously low, we cannot speak of significant growth (for example in the county of Zala, around Lake Balaton and in Észak-Borsod). On the other hand, there was a spectacular increase in the outer districts and catchments of the capital, as well as in the county of Fejér.
Image: Economx
The vast majority of Hungarian households in a self-owned apartment lives In 2022, almost all of the inhabited apartments in the small settlements were used as owners, meaning that the owner or his relative lived there. In the big cities, it can be seen that the share of municipal apartment rentals and the proportion of apartments rented from private owners was significant, although it was decreasing. In cities with county rights, the 90,
and in the inner districts of Budapest, the share of owner-occupied apartments does not even reach 70 percent.
From this point of view, the situation of some of our disadvantaged villages is peculiar, where, due to the use of favorable and rented housing, as well as the unclear ownership conditions, low ownership of housing can also be observed.
A overcrowded apartments the proportion is high, above 50 percent, mainly in the country’s disadvantaged settlements, Borsod, Szabolcs, and the small villages of Baranya and Somogy. Even within Budapest, there are inner districts where more than a tenth of the inhabited apartments are overcrowded. At the same time, the settlement-level data mask the overcrowding that is also present in urban housing estates.
According to the KSH, otherwise, an apartment can be considered overcrowded in which every couple or single adult does not have their own room, three or more children under the age of 12 live in the same room, or children between the ages of 12 and 17 do not have their own room or at most one of the same gender. they share a room with their brother.
From the panel era to the agglomeration escape
According to the office’s data, the proportion of apartments built before 1961 is high in places where neither the state-owned or state-supported private housing construction programs of the 1970s-80s, nor the post-regime housing boom that started in 2001 brought renewal to the housing stock. There are such areas primarily in Southern Transdanubia, Northern Hungary, Southern Békés and the inner districts of Budapest. On the other hand, the proportion of old apartments older than 60 years is low in metropolitan catchment areas and in former industrial cities.
The apartments built between 1961 and 1980 are products of the peak period of socialist housing construction. The wave of housing estate construction of the period left its mark on the outer districts of Budapest, most of the county seats and the former industrial cities. The typical cube houses of the period are still standing in large numbers in the country today, defining the image of Hungarian settlements.
In the decades between 1981 and 2010, housing construction decreased from the initial 70,000 per year until the regime change to 50,000, and then fell below 20,000 at the bottom of the economic crisis after the regime change. A new boom began in 2001, by which time the institutional system of the housing market had been established and a wide-ranging public housing loan program was launched.
The first half of the decade after 2010 was characterized by the most serious housing market crisis of the era after the regime change.
It was only in the second half of the decade that the slow growth of housing construction began, the effect of which can be seen primarily in the agglomeration area and some large rural cities.
The gas heating conquers
During the last census, the KSH also measured what Hungarians fueled with. Accordingly apartments with district heating they are mainly found in cities with county rights and in former industrial cities, in connection with the prevalence of panel housing. Their proportion is outstanding, exceeding 50 percent, for example in Tatabánya or Dunaújváros. However, in the vast majority of the country’s settlements, there is not a single apartment with district heating.
Most apartments, 63 percent of properties in 2022, heated with gas.
The proportion of such apartments is outstanding in the catchment area of Budapest, among others, while it is low in large cities and industrial cities where, in terms of proportion, there are many apartments with district heating.
Image: Economx
The low proportion of gas-heated apartments in smaller settlements can be explained by the prevalence of wood heating.
A wood heating it is especially typical in areas where the pipeline gas network has not been built, these are mainly small settlements in North Borsod and Transdanubia. On the other hand, the occurrence of wood heating is low in the Great Plain, where the larger settlement sizes made the construction of the gas network economical.
In the last decade, there has been a spectacular increase in only apartments heated by electricity number, in 2022 there were almost 130,000 such residential properties in the country. This significant expansion is primarily attributable to the spread of modern heating solutions that can be operated efficiently and operate with electricity (for example, air conditioning optimized for heating).
Internet, air conditioning, heat pump – focus on technology
During the last census, the KSH also tried to take technological aspects into account, so it turned out that
nearly three quarters of apartments had wired internet in 2022.
In a territorial comparison, internet access was the highest in the capital (81 percent), as well as in cities with county status and their catchment areas. However, the proportion of apartments equipped with wired internet was low in the small village areas of Southern Transdanubia and Northern Hungary.
Image: Economx
A air conditioner the proportion of apartments with equipment was 28 percent nationally in 2022. The widespread use of these devices can be observed in the capital (37 percent) and its catchment area, in cities with county rights, in the vicinity of Lake Balaton and Lake Velence.
In 2022, nearly 2 percent of the apartments were owned with a heat pump heating device. The heat pump was more common in the Budapest agglomeration, around Lake Balaton and around some cities with county rights (for example Győr, Sopron, Pécs).
A with a solar panel the proportion of inhabited apartments with The provision of apartments with solar panels is typical in areas with single-family houses, where the placement of these devices can be solved more simply. Their occurrence is more frequent in certain outer districts and suburbs of the capital, in several cities with county rights and especially in their catchment area (e.g. Veszprém, Székesfehérvár, Győr, Szeged), as well as in the settlements around Lake Balaton.
Source: www.economx.hu
